Retinoblastoma: Understanding the Most Deadly Childhood Cancer After Leukemia

Trreatment / American childhood cancer Organization

R E A D : Understanding the Risks and Symptoms

Healthnews: Retinoblastoma is a rare type of childhood cancer that affects the retina of the eye. It is the most deadly childhood cancer after leukemia, and it typically affects children under the age of 5. The condition occurs when there is a mutation in the RB1 gene, which is responsible for regulating the growth and division of cells in the body. When the gene mutates, it can cause the uncontrolled growth of cells in the retina, leading to the development of tumors.

> Symptoms of Retinoblastoma

The most common symptoms of retinoblastoma include a white glow in the affected eye, which is most noticeable in dim light, and a squint or crossed eye. In some cases, the child may experience pain, redness, or swelling in the eye. Other less common symptoms can include decreased vision or a change in the color of the iris.

Retinoblastoma / Verywell Health

> Diagnosis of Retinoblastoma

If retinoblastoma is suspected, a doctor will typically perform an eye exam and may use a special instrument called an ophthalmoscope to examine the back of the eye. If a tumor is suspected, further tests may be necessary, including an MRI or CT scan to assess the size and location of the tumor. A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

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> Treatment of Retinoblastoma

The treatment of retinoblastoma depends on the size and location of the tumor, as well as the age and overall health of the child. Treatment options include surgery to remove the affected eye, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In some cases, a combination of these treatments may be necessary.

In recent years, there have been significant advances in the treatment of retinoblastoma, and the prognosis for children with the condition has improved. With early diagnosis and prompt treatment, the survival rate for retinoblastoma is around 95%.

* Prevention of Retinoblastoma

There is no known way to prevent retinoblastoma, but early detection is key to successful treatment. Parents should be aware of the signs and symptoms of the condition and should have their child's eyes examined regularly, particularly if there is a family history of the condition.

In some cases, retinoblastoma can be hereditary, and genetic testing may be recommended for family members of affected children. This can help identify carriers of the RB1 gene mutation and can enable early detection and treatment of the condition in future generations.

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Retinoblastoma is a rare disease, affecting about 1 in 15,000 to 20,000 live births. It can be either unilateral, affecting only one eye, or bilateral, affecting both eyes. Approximately 60% of cases are unilateral and 40% are bilateral. Bilateral retinoblastoma is usually hereditary and is more likely to be diagnosed at an earlier age.

Retinoblastoma can be classified into different stages based on the size and location of the tumor. The International Classification of Retinoblastoma (ICRB) is the most commonly used staging system. It classifies the disease into six stages based on the size and location of the tumor, the presence of vitreous or subretinal seeds, and the extent of invasion into other ocular structures.

Common form Childhood Cancer / Quora

The treatment of retinoblastoma can be challenging due to the sensitive location of the tumor and the potential for damage to the healthy tissues surrounding the eye. Treatment may involve removing the affected eye, a procedure called enucleation, or attempting to preserve the eye through other treatments such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or laser therapy. The choice of treatment depends on the size and location of the tumor, the extent of the disease, the child's age, and the presence of any other medical conditions.

In some cases, the treatment of retinoblastoma can cause side effects or complications, such as hearing loss, cataracts, or changes in vision. Regular follow-up appointments with an ophthalmologist are important to monitor the child's progress and detect any potential complications.

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retinoblastoma is a rare but potentially deadly childhood cancer that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Parents should be aware of the signs and symptoms of the condition and should have their child's eyes examined regularly, particularly if there is a family history of the condition. With the right treatment, the prognosis for children with retinoblastoma is generally good, and many go on to live healthy and fulfilling lives.